![]() ![]() However, if a metal reacts with steam, like magnesium, metal oxide is produced as a result of metal hydroxides splitting upon heating. Mg(s) + 2H 2O(l) ⟶ Mg(OH) 2(s) + H 2(g) Ī metal reacting with cold water will produce a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas. The reaction is short-lived because the magnesium hydroxide layer formed on the magnesium is almost insoluble in water and prevents further reaction. Magnesium has a mild reaction with cold water. Magnesium shows insignificant reaction with water, but burns vigorously with steam or water vapor to produce white magnesium oxide and hydrogen gas: Mg(s) + H 2O(g) ⟶ MgO(s) + H 2(g) Additionally, beryllium has a resistant outer oxide layer that lowers its reactivity at lower temperatures. Beryllium (Be) is the only alkaline earth metal that does not react with water or steam, even if the metal is heated red hot. The alkaline earth metals (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra) are the second most reactive metals in the periodic table, and, like the Group 1 metals, have increasing reactivity with increasing numbers of energy levels. Main article: Alkaline earth metals Group 2: Alkaline earth metals In an NFPA 704 fire diamond's white square, they are denoted as "W̶".Īll chemicals that react vigorously with water or liberate toxic gas when in contact with water are recognized for their hazardous nature in the 'Approved Supply List,' or the list of substances covered by the international legislation on major hazards many of which are commonly used in manufacturing processes. Such substances are classified as R2 under the UN classification system and as Hazard 4.3 by the United States Department of Transportation. The use of acid-resistant gloves and face shield are required and should be handled in fume hoods. Some water-reactive substances are also pyrophoric, like organometallics and sulphuric acid, and should be kept away from moisture. Notable examples include alkali metals, lithium through caesium, and alkaline earth metals, magnesium through barium. Water-reactive substances are those that spontaneously undergo a chemical reaction with water, as they are highly reducing in nature. Substance that readily reacts with water in a potentially hazardous way
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